Monitor dan Kendali Suhu Menggunakan PID Thermocouple Tipe K
Pada kesempatan kali ini saya akan menjelaskan mengenai bagaimana cara membuat sebuah alat yang bisa memonitor dan mengendalikan suhu menggunakan PID Control, alat ini menggunakan sensor thermocouple tipe K dan sensor asap. untuk fiturnya yaitu alat ini dapat diatur waktunya kapan dia ON dan OFF serta bisa disetting setpoint suhunya. untuk lebih jelasnya berikut adalah daftar komponen dan programnya.
a. Arduino Uno
b. Thermocouple Tipe K + Amplifier
c. Sensor Asap
d. RTC
e. SSR (Solid state relay)
f. Program Arduino IDE
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <max6675.h>
#define DS3231_I2C_ADDRESS 0x68
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 20, 4);
int soPin = 7;
int thermoCS = 6;
int thermoCLK = 5;
int urutan;
int so1Pin = 10;
int CS1Pin = 9;
int CLK1Pin= 8;
int ledM = 11;
int ledH = 13;
int buzzer = 12;
MAX6675 thermocouple(thermoCLK, thermoCS, soPin);
MAX6675 thermocouple1(CLK1Pin, CS1Pin, so1Pin);
int btset = A1;
int btup = A2;
int btdown = A3;
int btok = 2;
int btback = 4;
int ssr = 3;
int mark = 0;
int kipasx;
int x;
int btsetx;
int btupx;
int btdownx;
int btokx;
int btbackx;
int jam;
int asap;
int temp1;
int temp2;
int jamku;
float suhusp;
int modeku;
int menitku;
float kp = 1.15;
float ki = 0.67;
float kd = 0.15;
float p,i,d,suhu,pid;
float error,errorx,sumerr;
float sp;
float pidku;
byte second, minute, hour, dayOfWeek, dayOfMonth, month, year;
// Convert normal decimal numbers to binary coded decimal
byte decToBcd(byte val)
{
return( (val/10*16) + (val%10) );
}
// Convert binary coded decimal to normal decimal numbers
byte bcdToDec(byte val)
{
return( (val/16*10) + (val%16) );
}
void setup()
{
lcd.begin();
lcd.clear();
lcd.noCursor();
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledM,OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledH,OUTPUT);
pinMode(ssr,OUTPUT);
pinMode(btset,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(btup,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(btdown,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(btok,INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(btback,INPUT_PULLUP);
Wire.begin();
Serial.begin(9600);
// DS3231 seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, year
setDS3231time(0,0,0,6,5,10,18);
}
void setDS3231time(byte second, byte minute, byte hour, byte dayOfWeek, byte
dayOfMonth, byte month, byte year)
{
// sets time and date data to DS3231
Wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_I2C_ADDRESS);
Wire.write(0); // set next input to start at the seconds register
Wire.write(decToBcd(second)); // set seconds
Wire.write(decToBcd(minute)); // set minutes
Wire.write(decToBcd(hour)); // set hours
Wire.write(decToBcd(dayOfWeek)); // set day of week (1=Sunday, 7=Saturday)
Wire.write(decToBcd(dayOfMonth)); // set date (1 to 31)
Wire.write(decToBcd(month)); // set month
Wire.write(decToBcd(year)); // set year (0 to 99)
Wire.endTransmission();
}
void readDS3231time(byte *second,
byte *minute,
byte *hour,
byte *dayOfWeek,
byte *dayOfMonth,
byte *month,
byte *year)
{
Wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_I2C_ADDRESS);
Wire.write(0); // set DS3231 register pointer to 00h
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom(DS3231_I2C_ADDRESS, 7);
// request seven bytes of data from DS3231 starting from register 00h
*second = bcdToDec(Wire.read() & 0x7f);
*minute = bcdToDec(Wire.read());
*hour = bcdToDec(Wire.read() & 0x3f);
*dayOfWeek = bcdToDec(Wire.read());
*dayOfMonth = bcdToDec(Wire.read());
*month = bcdToDec(Wire.read());
*year = bcdToDec(Wire.read());
}
void displayTime()
{
// retrieve data from DS3231
readDS3231time(&second, &minute, &hour, &dayOfWeek, &dayOfMonth, &month,
&year);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
// send it to the serial monitor
lcd.print(hour, DEC);
// convert the byte variable to a decimal number when displayed
lcd.print(":");
if (minute<10)
{
lcd.print("0");
}
lcd.print(minute, DEC);
lcd.print(":");
if (second<10)
{
lcd.print("0");
}
lcd.print(second, DEC);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ssr,HIGH);
asap = analogRead(A0);
temp1 = thermocouple.readCelsius();
temp2 = thermocouple1.readCelsius();
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("SUHU1 : ");
lcd.print(temp1 );
lcd.print(" 'C ");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("SUHU2 : ");
lcd.print(temp2);
lcd.print(" 'C ");
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("ASAP: ");
lcd.print(asap);
lcd.print(" ");
btsetx = digitalRead(btset);
if(btsetx == 0){
delay(200);
lcd.clear();
pilih();
}
if(modeku == 1){
delay(200);
lcd.clear();
setmanual();
setDS3231time(0,0,0,6,5,10,18);
mulaimanu();
}
if(modeku == 2){
delay(200);
lcd.clear();
setDS3231time(0,0,0,6,5,10,18);
suhusp = 32.2;
urutan = 1;
mulaioto();
suhusp = 48.8;
urutan = 2;
mulaioto();
suhusp = 54.4;
urutan = 3;
mulaioto();
suhusp = 65.5;
urutan = 4;
mulaioto();
}
//displayTime();
delay(1000);
}
void pilih(){
btokx = digitalRead(btok);
btbackx = digitalRead(btback);
lcd.setCursor(5,0);
lcd.print("PILIH MODE");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("MANUAL OTOMATIS");
if(btokx == 0){
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
modeku = 2;
return;
}
if(btbackx == 0){
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
modeku = 1;
return;
}
pilih();
}
void setmanual(){
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("PILIH JAM: ");
lcd.print(jamku);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("PILIH MENIT: ");
lcd.print(menitku);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("PILIH SUHU: ");
lcd.print(suhusp);
lcd.print(" ");
if(jamku < 0){
jamku = 0;
}
if(suhusp < 0){
suhusp = 0;
}
btsetx = digitalRead(btset);
btupx = digitalRead(btup);
btdownx = digitalRead(btdown);
btokx = digitalRead(btok);
btbackx = digitalRead(btback);
if(btupx == 0){
delay(200);
menitku = menitku + 30;
}
if(btdownx == 0){
delay(200);
menitku = menitku - 30;
}
if(menitku > 30){
jamku++;
menitku = 0;
}
if(menitku < 0){
menitku = 0;
jamku--;
}
if(btokx == 0){
delay(200);
suhusp = suhusp + 0.5;
}
if(btbackx == 0){
delay(200);
suhusp = suhusp - 0.5;
}
if(btsetx == 0){
delay(200);
lcd.clear();
return;
}
setmanual();
}
void mulaimanu(){
btokx = digitalRead(btok);
btbackx = digitalRead(btback);
if((btbackx == 0)&&(btokx == 0)){
lcd.clear();
delay(1000);
modeku = 0;
return;
}
analogWrite(ssr,pidku);
error = suhusp - temp1;
p = error * kp;
sumerr = error + errorx;
i = ki * sumerr;
d = kd * (error - errorx) ;
pid = p + i + d;
if(pid < 1){
pid = 0;
}
if(pid > 255){
pid = 255;
}
pidku = 255 - pid;
lcd.setCursor(11,3);
lcd.print(jamku);
lcd.print(".");
lcd.print(menitku);
lcd.print("/");
lcd.print(suhusp);
asap = analogRead(A0);
temp1 = thermocouple.readCelsius();
temp2 = thermocouple1.readCelsius();
lcd.setCursor(14,1);
lcd.print(pid);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(14,0);
lcd.print("MANUAL");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("SUHU1: ");
lcd.print(temp1);
lcd.print(" 'C ");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("SUHU2: ");
lcd.print(temp2);
lcd.print(" 'C ");
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("ASAP: ");
lcd.print(asap);
lcd.print(" ");
displayTime();
delay(1000);
if((hour == jamku)&&(minute == menitku)){
lcd.clear();
delay(1000);
modeku = 0;
return;
}
if(asap < 500){
digitalWrite(ledH,HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledM,LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}
if(asap > 500){
digitalWrite(ledH,LOW);
digitalWrite(ledM,HIGH);
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
}
errorx = error;
mulaimanu();
}
void mulaioto(){
btokx = digitalRead(btok);
btbackx = digitalRead(btback);
if((btbackx == 0)&&(btokx == 0)){
lcd.clear();
delay(1000);
modeku = 0;
return;
}
analogWrite(ssr,pidku);
error = suhusp - temp1;
p = error * kp;
sumerr = error + errorx;
i = ki * sumerr;
d = kd * (error - errorx) ;
pid = p + i + d;
if(pid < 1){
pid = 0;
}
if(pid > 255){
pid = 255;
}
pidku = 255 - pid;
lcd.setCursor(11,3);
lcd.print("1");
lcd.print(".");
lcd.print("30");
lcd.print("/");
lcd.print(suhusp);
asap = analogRead(A0);
temp1 = thermocouple.readCelsius();
temp2 = thermocouple1.readCelsius();
lcd.setCursor(14,1);
lcd.print(pid);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(14,0);
lcd.print("OTO");
lcd.print(urutan);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("SUHU1: ");
lcd.print(temp1);
lcd.print(" 'C ");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("SUHU2: ");
lcd.print(temp2);
lcd.print(" 'C ");
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("ASAP: ");
lcd.print(asap);
lcd.print(" ");
displayTime();
delay(1000);
if((hour == 1)&&(minute == 30)){
lcd.clear();
delay(1000);
modeku = 0;
return;
}
if(asap < 500){
digitalWrite(ledH,HIGH);
digitalWrite(ledM,LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}
if(asap > 500){
digitalWrite(ledH,LOW);
digitalWrite(ledM,HIGH);
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
}
errorx = error;
mulaioto();
}
g. VIDEO HASILNYA
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